HAPPY 32ND BIRTHDAY STEVIE <3

I love you :3 <3

High from the sun

1. Happy 19th anniversary  mum and dad! <3
2. Happy birthday Stevie :D

Came to school half asleep since Vic and I skyped till 1 in the morning, why

Pretty tiring day which began with pouring rain; wherever I walked, it felt like the sky had turned into a ginormous air-conditioner and cool air was all around me. I had two quizzes during science, talked to Chloe and Li Anne during Malay, got back my writing paper in French, chilled-ish in Math with Chien, was lazy and pathetic during English, went to the art room with Vic and had fun during PE; I was grouped with Jia Yi, Jimmy, Ivan, Chloe Looi and Jayson and I think we lost most of our games… though playing with Mr. Elliot and Ms. Warnes was fun, so was the game against Chen Loong, Nicholas and… someone who was goalkeeper since I played upfront with Jimmy and, well, it wasn’t that bad but it was funny :p

Netball-ers came back just when PE ended and then Nicole, Krystal, Raven and I went to football. We -Nicole, Krystal and I- talked about things on the bus and at one point I tried to persuade Mr. Robinson to get horses for the school and I just went on and on and kept begging him and his reply was “Just because you run like one doesn’t mean we should get horses” :’( so I guess that’s a no…

Football was really fun today, we goofed around and were so lazy and tired to play properly :p It felt like we were high from the sun, we seriously couldn’t think straight and everything just seemed so… weird HAHA. At one point, Nicole fell, Raven fell then I fell into a small puddle. It was just so funny and fun and ahh, love you guys (Nicole, Krystal and Raven) <3

The field looks so pretty :3

Summer goals;

• do something artistic
• go jogging or cycling
• sleep early
• read some books
• do some reading on IGCSE things
• spend less time on the laptop
• write, bake, draw

FREEDOM

Last day of internals, FINALLY! Even though Art, Music and Drama exams are after the holidays, at least I’ll have a week filled with days spent on the couch or lazing on the bed doing nothing with no guilt whatsoever gnawing at my conscience. WOO.

French- I think I did pretty well for French, satisfied with the essays I wrote
Geography- …. I just hope I’ll get good marks for the first couple of sections because I completely rushed through the tourism section lol
Malay- the paper was pretty easy, probably got a few wrong for the first section and hopefully more like miraculously I’ll get full points for my essay
History- the paper was surprisingly and relatively easier than what I thought it’d be and I think I sufficiently answered the three questions and I hope my last essay was good enough to get high marks
ICT- I couldn’t answer some of the questions ha…

Freedom at laaaast! Well I still have a Chemistry test and a Math test this week but… yeah, freedom is in some sort of form nonetheless.

+ the place where I normally stay back at is now called the Jubjub, hope it catches on haha :p

Excuse my lack of dancing skills

Booo.

First day of internal exams. I think I did pretty well for French, my essays were decently long and I think my grammar was alright. Geography was… I just feel like slapping whoever made the paper lol, I just felt like swearing unnecessarily after I got out of the exam room. Malay was alright, had Mr. Hasny so everyone wasn’t that serious and they could talk to each other and what not haaa.

Went to the art room after school with Vic and Chien and we helped Mr. Sathi by spray painting our hands (with gloves on) and after awhile, it started to burn….. when I took the gloves off, my hand felt weirdly stiff and plastic-y. Vic and I did one of the hand-prints on the actual thing and it looks, meh. Sorry Year 7s and 8s..

History and ICT exams tomorrow, woopdeedooo.

I feel like burning this book

Procrastinating once again

Bonne chance!

Demain je vais avoir mes examens… souhaite-moi bonne chance?

Geography

Hi, going to try and note things that I can remember for my Geography exam here because Word lags and I really don’t want to write notes.

Rock cycle:
1. Igneous rocks formed from solidification and cooling of magma/lava. Then the rocks are uplifted to the surface. When heat and pressure are applied to it, it’s metamorphosed into metamorphic rock.

2. Weathering (from rain) transports rocks from the mountain to the sea. From the ongoing cementing and compacting of rocks and sediments, it will go under the diagenesis process, so it’ll turn into sedimentary rock. When it goes under heat and pressure, the sedimentary rocks will undergo metamorphosis, hence forming metamorphic rocks.

3. Metamorphic rocks will eventually be uplifted to the surface and the whole process starts again.

____________________________

Earth’s crust is made up of a series of large plates called tectonic plates; they are in constant motion

Crusts;
Oceanic- heavier (denser), thinner, young
Continental- lighter, thicker, old 

Tectonic plates: Nazca, North American, South American, Eurasian, Indoaustralian, African

Boundaries: Conservative (passive) , constructive (destructive), collision and destruction (convergent)

Conservative; lateral sliding, earthquake, caused by convectional currents, strain between two plates get too large and causes the plates to move; not smooth, large friction forces, San Andreas Fault

Constructive; sea floor spreading, ridges/rifts, volcanoes, convectional currents cause plates to move away from each other and magma from mantle escapes and creates a new plate, Iceland, Mid Atlantic Ridge

Parts of the earth: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Collision; fold mountains, two plates collide as they are of the same density, this causes it to crumple upwards, Himalayas, The Alps

Destruction; volcanoes, as oceanic plates are of higher density than the continental plate it will be subducted underneath, heat from friction and from mantle will melt the plate into magma, magma will rise along fault lines and create a volcanic eruption, friction forces can cause ground to shake and sets off earthquakes, oceanic Nazca plate subducted underneath continental S. American plate,

Volcanic activity, geothermal activity and earthquakes are usually found at plate boundaries.

Volcano; not found at conservative plate boundaries. Two types; shield volcano and composite cone volcano. They are openings in the ground where magma from the mantle forces its way up to the surface. It can either be dormant, active or extinct.

Shield volcano (constructive); usually not violent, frequent eruptions of basic lava, wide base so lava flows more easily and travels longer distances before cooling, e.g Mauna Loa

Composite cone volcano (destructive); violent, lava can cool inside so eruption will be more violent and explosive to remove plug, alternate layers of ash and lava, subsidiary cone vent, steep sided symmetrical cone shape, high and narrow base, e.g Vesuvius, Mt. Etna

Ash volcano; formed from ash and steep-sided, large crater

Lava volcano; thick, slow-flowing lava that hardens quickly and forms steep-sided volcano/ runny, faster-flowing lava moves easily and spreads over a large area, forms volcanoes with gently sloping slides

Crater; a funnel shaped hollow at the top of a volcano where magma escapes and becomes lava
Main vent; the main tunnel where magma travels as it moves to the surface
Lahar; flow of mud formed when rainwater mixes with the ash, cinder and debris from eruption
Pyroclastic flow; a fast-moving current of superheated gas which can reach to 1000 degrees Celsius and can move at 700kmph
Lava; flow of molten rock
Secondary cones; formed when main vent is blocked and magma is forced to the surface by another tunnel/route
Magma chamber; large pool of magma beneath the volcano deep inside the Earth
Volcanic bombs; large boulders of volcanic rock that solidify as they fall

NATURAL HAZARDS

People live in volcanic areas due to the fertile soils they offer; attractive place to live since it’s a good farming area.

Earthquakes can be measured by a seisometer, the logarithmic scale being the Richter scale

Earthquake danger reduced by Three P’s policy; Predict, protect, prepare.

Predict: detect radon gas, tiltmeter, small foreshocks, check after a long period of absense of plate movement

Protect: schools can practice for emergency every 3 months, develop emergency plan for helping injured, rules of safety of building construction reinforced, inform people what to pack in emergency kit, frequent safety checks carried out, buildings and roads strengthened, new buildings comply to strict planning regulations

Prepare: long term and short term plans, develop an emergency plan for helping injured, develop an emergency plan to warn everyone of a coming earthquake, train emergency services

____________________________

Tourism- when people travel to places for leisure and recreation, activities that tourists take part in and services that support them

Tourist- a person who travels to and stays in a place that’s not their normal place for a short-time, people who travel for pleasure

Tourism is the world’s largest employer, one of the world’s fastest growing industry

Primary occupations involve people collecting raw materials, like farming
Secondary industries employ people to make things usually in a factory
Tertiary industries provide a service, like teachers

International tourist- tourists who travel across a country border
Domestic tourist- tourists who travel within a country border
Inbound tourist- tourist travelling into our country
Outbound tourist- tourist travelling out of our country 

:)
- important source of money and employment
- better and richer economy
- improve quality of life by building new infrastructures
- higher demand for locally produced food
- more jobs for hotels, restaurants
- brings new ideas to the area
- higher demand for locally produced souvenirs, new amenities which locals can use
- improvements in transport

:(
- local people cannot afford to use tourist facilities
- discos, bars and other tourist attractions spoil the local way of life
- most of the money from tourism goes out of the area
- jobs are seasonal, long hours and low paid
- traffic congestion
- noise pollution
- litter
- attractive landscapes ruined by tourist buildings
- gates left open so animals escape
- farming land damaged
- wildlife frightened away
- trees and plants are damaged

Solution: develop and plan a sustainable tourist industry
- plan policies to control the spread of buildings in built-up areas development; avoid congestion of people and traffic
- show  tourists to be responsible with events, leaflets, information centres, guided walks and events, signs and websites. 

Factors that led to growth of tourism
;advertising, technological advance, flexible working hours, more facilities, activities and attractions, improvement and more modes of transportation, curiosity, development of economy of the world is better, faster/cheaper travel
; more time, more money, new products, better transportation

Butler’s model of the evolution of tourism:
Stage 1- traditional society
Stage 2- take-off and development
Stage 3- peak growth
Stage 4- stagnation
Stage 5- decline or rejuvenation (depending on Government) 

National Parks
; an attractive countryside where scenery and wildlife are protected so that they may be enjoyed by both visitors and people who live there
; protected areas because of beautiful countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage.

AIMS: to preserve and care for the environment, to provide a place for recreation and enjoyment 

- provide facilities for tourists; camping, fishing, etc
- encourage tree planting
- buy land to protect its character
- encourages suitable developments

Located near the Highlands, North or South of England, near major towns

First NP in the world: Yellowstone, U.S 1872
First NP in England and Wales: Peak District 1951
Most visited in England and Wales: Lake District; because of its lakes and mountains and associations with early 19th century poet Wordsworth

:)
- preservation of rural services
- increased demand for local produce
- long-term investment of care in environment

:(
- physical damage to landscape
- traffic congestion
- inappropriate range and price of local goods

Conflict between: ramblers, conservationists, ranger, farmer, defence official, park ranger, etc

80% of land is privately owned

Europe attracts more than half of all the world’s tourists, has six of the world’s top ten tourist destination (top is France, due to advertising, services provided for tourists)

MALLORCA.
- considered as the most beautiful island of the Mediterranean islands
- over 7m tourists visit
- bad effects; noise, litter, violence, drunkenness, effects on Spanish culture and traditions, jobs are unskilled, poorly paid and seasonal
- most islanders willing to put up with problems, grateful for any employment opportunities, money that tourism brings balances the damages

DISNEY FLORIDA.
- first developed in 1950s by W. Disney
- provide fun, thrills and adventure for people by building a world of dreams, fantasies and make-believe
- best known: Florida
- covers and area almost twice the size of Manchester
- two major international airports nearby
- 75% of USA’s population live in the eastern states
- excellent interstate highways; quick and easy travel from anywhere in eastern USA
- very large area of cheap flat land available
- weather in Florida hot and sunny all year round

Magic Kingdom; where fairy tales come true
Epcot Centre; idea of the future where you can experience wonders of technology and explore cultures of the world
Animal Kingdom; full of wild animal adventures, spectacular shows and more than 250 animal species
Disney-MGM Studios; experience thrilling shows and exciting backstage action

THE ALPS.
- 50m tourists visit the Alps, 2/3 on winter skiing holidays
- alpine resorts provide walking, skiing, climbing, sailing, dramatic scenery
- Chamonix one of the most popular alpine resorts, in French Alps
- problems such as winter sports facilities spoiling countryside and permanently damaging the environment
- provides jobs for local people, better paid jobs, new tourist amenities which locals can use, more people to meet, better quality of life, etc 
- ugly skiing facilities spoil mountainside, new hotels unsightly, many new jobs are seasonal, village and ski slopes are overcrowded, plant life damaged and wildlife frightened away 

End-of-the-year exams.

Tomorrow… yay.